According to the World Health Organization, about 50% of all infertility cases are related to men's health. More precisely, with problems of male health. There are quite a few reasons that can cause male infertility; they can be congenital or acquired. However, in most cases, it is the acquired problems that hinder conception. Congenital ones, according to statistics, account for no more than 10% of infertility cases.
The most severe form of male infertility is azoospermia – the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. This condition is the most difficult to treat. Specialists distinguish between obstructive (excretory infertility) and non-obstructive (secretory infertility) azoospermia. Depending on the form of the pathology, the treatment strategy is determined, including the methods of assisted reproductive technologies applicable in each case. In obstructive azoospermia, the lifestyle of the man, the presence of acute or previously experienced inflammatory diseases, and surgical operations on the pelvic organs and scrotum have more influence. Diagnosis involves palpation to determine the pathology of the appendages and vas deferens, considering the size of the testes, hormonal profile, and the absence of sperm in centrifuged semen. Non-obstructive azoospermia is characterized by hormonal insufficiency or hormonal changes, the presence of spermatogenic cells or sperm in the ejaculate, the presence of genetic or chromosomal changes, and a history of exposure to toxic substances or inflammatory processes in the testes.
